One Over One Approval

One of the tenets of successful enterprises is a behavior called "one over one" approval. Example: a first person cannot be appraised nor promoted by a decision of just a second person. Instead, the recommendation must be considered and approved by yet a third person to which the second person is accountable. Example: a first person is never allowed to design the test cases for verifying his own design let alone approve the results This one-over-one rule does not prevent all malfeasance but when this rule is not applied the incidence of malfeasance is markedly higher. The governance of Enron and other scandalized corporations is just another example.